AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
The goal of adaptive management is to determine the best
management strategy through experimentation. Thereby,
adaptive management aims to enhance knowledge and reduce
uncertainties from natural variability, incomplete data (National
Research Council, 2004) or social and economic changes.
Furthermore, adaptive management aims at a timely response to
such changes, i.e. flexibility in decisions.
Passive and active approaches to adaption management can be
distinguished (National Research Counsil, 2004).
Passive adaptive management selects one management approach
from the range of possibilities and implements based on existing
information and understanding. The outcomes of management
actions are monitored, and subsequent decisions are adjusted
accordingly.
Active adaptive management reviews information before
implementing management approaches. Management options are
chosen based upon evaluations of a range of competing,
alternative system models.
Figure 1: Adaptive Management Process (Intaver Institute,
2014)
3 The role of adaption management in profile oriented
marketing for sustainable regional economic and social
development
Cities or regions are constantly subject to social and economic
change, reshaped by the daily actions of their inhabitants and
resident organizations. Therefore uncertainties can be expected
to be high and management processes have to be highly flexible.
Thus, adaption management measures could be valuable to the
aim of increasing the attractiveness of cities, regions and
enhance the sustainable social and economic development
quality via profile oriented marketing. The paradigm shift in the
understanding of urban living space mirrors current paradigm
shifts in marketing. Where the brand itself was in the center of
marketing strategies until recently, new marketing models focus
their efforts on people. Marketing strategies need to be
monitored, evaluated and updated accordingly.
Profile Oriented Marketing can be understood as “the
expression of a comprehensive philosophy and concept of
planning and action, by which – based on systematically
gathered information – all activities of an organization are
consequently directed towards the current and future market
requirements, with the aim to meet the markets needs and
achieve individual goals.“ (Weis, 2012, p. 23 translated)
A profile is a bundle of individual, as unique as possible
characteristics of a communality. These characteristics include
the quality statement (mission), the aspired state (vision), a clear
and valid mind-set (principles) and the appearance (corporate
identity) of the organization.
By defining its aspired state, the profile gives an organization a
clear direction of development, a perspective to work future
oriented. Therefore, the profile is the pivotal point of marketing
actions, as outlined in the Profiling-Structure Modell by Kellner
(2007, p. 60 shown in Figure 2).
Figure 2: Profilling-Structure-Model (Kellner, 2007, p. 60,
translated)
The profile is in itself a result of constant analysis and prognosis
of the own organization (city), the environment, the competitors
and a prognosis of future market development. Once the profile
is established clear goals can be defined and strategies and
measures to achieve these goals can be developed, which can
then be realized by a strict organization and control mechanisms
at each implementation step. In that respect, profile-oriented
marketing implements measures of adaption management. It is
however a challenge to bridge the gap between providing a clear
perspective and keeping values constant and recognizable, as
intended by the profile, on the one hand, and constantly updating
and flexibly changing marketing strategies on the other hand.
4 Improvement of Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is the capacity of a system to adapt to
environmental changes.
In ecological systems, diversity is the catch phrase for factors
generally associated with increased adaptive capacity
(Gunderson & Holling, 2001).
Adaptive capacity of regions is influenced by economic
development and technology, but also by social factors (Klein
and Smith, 2003; Brooks and Adger 2005; Tompkins, 2005;
Berkhout, 2006). With respect to climate change or natural
catastrophies, adaptive capacity has been related to community
organizations and social networking (e.g. Tompkins, 2005;
Robledo, 2004).
In social systems, adaptive capacity is determined by
(Gunderson & Holling, 2001):
The storage of knowledge in order to learn from
experience.
flexibility and creativity of decisions.
Responsive power structures.
5 Conclusion
In summary adaption management is a valuable tool to be
integrated in marketing approaches for sustainable regional and
economic development. Profile oriented marketing appears to be
the option of choice too increase attractiveness of cities or
regions and can give important impulses. It may be helpful to
assess the adaptive capacity of a city or a region in case of social
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