AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
questionnaire (Ruisel & Halama, 2007) that measures five main
personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to
experience, agreeableness,
and conscientiousness. The
dimensions represent the sum of answers for 12 questions using
ratings from 1 to 5. Internal consistency of the dimensions in the
research group attained
average value α=0.78, ranging from
α=0.67 to α=0.85.
Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics 19. Statistical
characteristics and procedures: mean, median, standard
deviation, skewness, kurtosis, Pearson´s correlation analysis,
exploratory factor analysis (extraction maximum likelihood,
rotation Promax), Kruskal-Wallis test including pairwise
multiple comparisons, statistical and practical significance.
3 Results
Descriptive of dimensions included into analysis are included in
a table 3. Expected significant correlations were confirmed (table
4): strong effect size between extraversion and EI, neuroticism
and TeC; medium effect size between agreeableness and TF,
conscientiousness and JP and small effect size between openness
to experience and SN. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling
adequacy reached value of KMO = 0.623. Exploratory factor
analysis (EFA) and Maximum Likelihood with Promax rotation
showed five factor solution. Five factors together explained of
69% variance (table 5) and were saturated by following
dimensions: factor 1 – extraversion and EI, factor 2 –
neuroticism and TeC, factor 3 – agreeableness and TF, factor 4 –
conscientiousness and JP, and factor 5 – openness to experience
and SN. As the correlation analysis already suggested, factor 1
and 2 correlate.
Table 3. Descriptive characteristics of GPOP preferences
and NEO-FFI traits
M
Me
SD
Skewness Kurtosis
EI
-
13,01 -17 45,83
0,29
-0,69
SN
3,59
2
32,69
-0,03
0,24
TF
-
10,91 -15 47,29
0,28
-0,74
JP
-
22,83 -25 42,68
0,37
-0,57
TEC
-7,99
-8 13,36
0,29
0,72
Neuroticism
21,52 21
8,86
0,06
-0,55
Extraversion
30,30 31
7,81
-0,53
0,25
Openness to
Experience
29,03 29
6,96
0,02
-0,47
Agreeableness
30,40 30
6,63
-0,52
0,88
Conscientiousness 32,19 33 7,76
-0,35
-0,26
Table 4. Correlations between the personality variables (NEO-
FFI and GPOP dimensions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1. Neuroticism
1,00
2. Extraversion
-
,446
1,00
3. Openness
,006
,058
1,00
4.
Agreeableness
-
,188
,299
,162
1,00
5.
Conscientiousn
ess
-
,219
,243
-
,105
,065
1,00
6. EI
-
,351
,679
,010
,080 ,143
1,00
7. SN
-
,255
,350
-
,294
,062 ,240
,635
1,00
8. TF
-
,198
-
,141
-
,199
-
,501
,059
-
,044
,099
1,00
9. JP
,074
-
,165
-
,174
-
,005
,489
-
,179
,117
,083
1,0
0
10. TEC
,707
-
,601
-
,023
-
,141
-
,207
-
,501
-
,281
-
,112
,12
9
1,0
0
Table 5. Pattern and structure coefficients of the variables in the
Promax rotated factor solution, and correlations between the
factors
Pattern coefficients
Structure coefficients (factor
loadings)
Variables
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
EI
,85
9
,02
1
-
,06
9
-
,07
6
,17
6
,878
-
,412
,110
-
,001
,405
Extraversi
on
,75
4
-
,16
8
,10
5
,07
5
-
,15
8
,821
-
,544
,311
,110
,084
Neuroticis
m
,05
5
,90
8
-
,01
2
,02
0
-
,04
8
-
,413
,885
-
,086
-
,138
-
,156
TEC
-
,30
2
,67
8
,06
4
,01
3
,07
3
-
,604
,810
-
,079
-
,098
-
,111
Agreeable
ness
-
,13
3
-
,16
9
1,0
04
,00
4
,04
2
,194
-
,210
,987
,061
-
,056
TF
-
,22
7
-
,34
4
-
,52
7
,01
0
,17
2
-
,128
-
,204
-
,559
,077
,204
Conscienti
ousness
,16
8
-
,04
2
-
,03
2
,85
9
-
,04
3
,213
-
,258
,038
,864
,193
JP
-
,24
7
,08
9
,03
4
,61
4
,16
6
-
,206
,083
-
,029
,622
,210
SN
,33
4
,02
5
,05
1
,00
9
,85
7
,575
-
,269
,053
,202
,945
Openness
to
Experienc
e
,14
5
,02
1
,12
4
-
,08
3
-
,38
3
,051
,004
,185
-
,156
-
,373
% of Variance
18,2
3
14,4
1
18,8
9
11,5
8
6,0
8
Factor Correlation
1
2
3
4
5
Factor 1
1,0
0
Factor 2
-
,49
8
1,0
0
Factor 3
,23
1
-
,10
1
1,0
0
Factor 4
,05
0
-
,16
5
,02
7
1,0
0
Factor 5
,28
1
-
,14
1
-
,08
4
,21
0
1,0
0
When analyzing trait differences among types we included into
analysis a psychological type as an independent nominal variable
and NEO trait as a dependent continuous variable. The results
were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test owing to non-proportional
representation of research subjects in types. Table 6 contains
mean rank values of NEO traits according to eight psychological
types. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis analysis (table 7)
confirm differences in psychological traits among types. Each
psychological type identified by GPOP questionnaire differed
from another in its score of NEO traits. Differences in openness
to experience [K-W(7)=16.18] and in agreeableness [K-
W(7)=21.68] reached small effect size
(r˂0.3). Differences in
neuroticism
[K-W(7)=40.50] and conscientiousness
[K-
W(7)=47.11] reached medium effect size (r˃0.3 and r˂0.5).
Differences in extraversion [K-W(7)=93.75] reached large effect
size (r˃0.5).
Table 6. Mean Ranks of the NEO-FFI dimensions in eight
psychological types
Mean Rank
ET
EF
EN
ES
IT
IN
IF
IS
Neuroticism
116
,06
121
,19
138
,80
101
,69
129
,55
180
,49
175
,75
130
,59
Extraversion
166
,06
202
,72
207
,00
201
,17
97,
11
93,
74
111
,34
132
,62
Openness to
experience
151
,94
129
,00
177
,40
130
,94
121
,36
143
,55
164
,78
108
,82
Agreeablenes
s
103
,75
163
,50
133
,00
147
,01
100
,72
140
,28
164
,60
143
,65
- 119 -