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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
labour productivity, one needs more energy and time for the
work, which he used to manage without difficulty before.
One feels uncertain, loses motivation, has a sense of failure,
the time dedicated for the body regeneration is extended, as
the vacation or long weekend are not sufficient for relax.
Kebza and Šolcová (2010, s. 1) state that: "The burnout
syndrome occurs especially in certain professional groups due to
a combination of factors, particularly chronic stress and a
marked drop in motivation, interest in performed activity and job
satisfaction". In particular, people whose job is highly
demanding on communication and empathy, are at risk. This
syndrome's accompaniments are also lack of appreciation from
the employer, fear of job loss and frequent organizational
changes. The occurence of burnout is also linked to one of the
negative factors, the frustration. The individual does not
adequately meet the needs and expectations. It arises particularly
where people are not able to say thank you, show respect. In this
stage people do not understand the meaning of life, work and
own needs. Another factor that contributes to the burnout
formation includes bad interpersonal relations. These occur
when the workplace is dominated by misunderstandings,
conflicts and quarrels. In this case, there is a disruption of the
protective social network to which the closest family and friends
belong, that feeds into burnout. (Španková 2010)
Nôtová and Páleníková (2003) state that burnout is caused by the
long-term existence of situations that are very emotionally
demanding. It is most common in the workplaces where chronic
stress occurs, that is, in helping professions and wherever the
work with people is done. It is possible to observe its
manifestations at three levels, namely psychological, when there
is an increase in emotional effort, negativism, depressions, then
physical level, which is characterized by fatigue, apathy and
increased risk of addiction. The third level is the social one,
where there is a reduction in sociability and empathy, an
aversion to work and frequent occurrence of conflicts.
Burnout syndrome is the most common in professions where the
workers are in constant contact with people, especially in
helping professions. The potential source of burnout may
therefore be the work-related stress, which results from the
workload and requirements that are placed upon the worker.
(Balogová, Lorincová 2015)
Kyriacou (1996) talks about the teacher stress, which is defined
as a situation in which the teacher feels angry, frustrated,
depressed, feels stress and anxiety as a result of a situation that is
related to the pedagogical activity of the teacher.
For many teachers, the burden and stress result in burnout. It
leads to a feeling of job dissatisfaction, decreased desire to be
with children, increasing psychological stress and physical
weariness.
(Višňovský, Kačáni et al. 2002)
Hennig a Keller (1996) understand burnout as a consequence of
long-term stress and bad coping with mental and physical
burden.
3 Options of school social work with
School social work is a specialized area of social work practice
as such. It is based on social work with youth, which represents a
professional form of action by individuals or organizations
(Šiňanská 2015). The philosophy of school social work is based
on four values, including the human dignity, the right to self-
realization, respect for the individual's potential and individuality
and the right to respect differences. (Allen-Meares 2007)
The main goal of school social work is to prevent risky
behaviors among the children and youth, to strengthen the family
and to ensure open communication between the school and the
family (Dupper 2002). The school social workers play an
important role in the educational and learning process as they
provide students with opportunities and resources in order to be
successful in the school environment, as well as in social life
(Openshaw 2008).
Franklin, Gerlach and Chanmugam (2008) add that school social
workers are equally focused on providing social and emotional
support to students in the school environment through social
services and advocacy. Bland a Esmalle (2012) consider school
social workers as professionals designed to identify emotional
and social issues that contribute to inadequate school attendance
and poor school results.
The school social workers are not working alone, but as
members of a school multidisciplinary team. This causes that
sometimes different roles and responsibilities overlap, or ideally
complement each other. (Dupper 2002) The competencies of
school social workers are defined in the standards of various
professional associations and organizations that cover the
activities of school social workers such as the School Social
Work Association of America, the National Association of
Social Workers, the International Network of School Social
Work.
Tab 1 Roles of school social workers
Tasks
1.
Representative
To help students design resources to
achieve their needs and to develop their
own proposals for solving their
problems, related to their development
stage and adaptation to school life, so
that they can use their resources
effectively.
2.
Counsellor
To help studens to better understand
themselves and their feelings, so that
they are able to solve their problems
adequately their development stage,
adapting to the school environment.
3.
Social
pedagogue
To help students and their families to
develop positive social values, stances
and behavior. To promote harmonic
interpersonal relationships and a sense of
responsibility towards society.
4.
Consultant
To provide consulting services to
pedagogues and to help in the sphere of
social problems of students and their
personality development.
5.
Resource
mobilizer
To locate and mobilize resources of the
student, his/her family and community
for the student's benefit.
6.
Researcher
To evaluate own services and to collect
data and information about their work in
order to develop their services.
7.
Advocate
To familiarize themselves with the
general education system and to prepare
recommendations for education
improvement.
8.
Mediator
To strengthen links between the student,
his/her family, school and community
and to promote the harmonization of
these relationships.
The source: Chui, Ling (2013)
The school social work standards have been issued by the
National Association of Social Workers (2012). The main
objective of these standards is to specify the expectations placed
on school social workers and their services, their code of ethics,
procedures for defending the client's rights, and also to lay the
foundations for the education of school social workers and to
provide continuous education programs and materials.
The activities of school social workers in the USA are also
defined by the Education Act, which defines these activities as
service, which purpose is to provide assessments, diagnostics,
counseling, education, therapeutic and other services in order to
secure the complex needs of pupils and students (Raines 2013).
The competencies of school social workers in countries where
school social work is a normal part of the school system include
performing systemic changes when adopting and implementing
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