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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
higher wage than those who do not have any intention to do
business.
On the other hand, if we compare the medians of the expected
wage of the students who have not decided yet what they want to
do after finishing secondary school and who want to do business,
then a correspondence of medians on the 5 % level cannot be
denied. (Even though it is very close). The results of the Mann-
Whitney test are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Statistical significance of differences in the amount of
the expected wage according to their future plans (undecided
versus plan to do business)
Test Statistics
a
Ascertained values
Mann-Whitney U
1,177.00
Wilcoxon W
5,363.00
Z
-1.888
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
0.059
Source: own
The last question was focused on finding out whether the type of
secondary school plays any role in the expected income or not.
The respondents were divided into two groups. Students who
study at a school with technical specialization were put in one
group and students who study at an economics school or a
grammar school were in the other. The results of the Mann-
Whitney test are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Statistical significance of differences in wage
expectation according to the type of secondary school
Test Statistics
Ascertained values
Mann-Whitney U
15,381.50
Wilcoxon W
24,426.50
Z
-0.65
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
0.52
Source: own
From the results it emerged that the correspondence of medians
cannot be denied. There were no statistical differences found in
the amount of the expected wage in connection with the type of
secondary school using the Mann-Whitney test.
4 Discussion
Within the research, it was found that women are less interested
in entrepreneurship than men. Civelek, Rahman and Kozubikova
(2016) carried out a rather extensive research in which they
surveyed 1141 small businesses. Their objective was to identify
differences in business orientation in gender as well as in other
socio-economic characteristics (age, education). However, no
gender differences emerged from the conclusion of their study.
Education appeared to be a substantial criterion where
entrepreneurs with college education were identified as more
innovative and independent. Other authors who did their
research similarly to this research found gender differences in
business intentions within their selected students. They claim
this is down to different personal attitudes and behavioural
control (Maes, Leroy, & Sels, 2014). It also emerged from their
conclusions that women are less oriented towards doing
business.
It was mentioned in the introduction of this article that one of the
significant barriers in business is the difficult access to external
financial resources. Gicheva and Link (2015) ascertained, based
on data from the National Research Council of the National
Academies that small businesses that are owned by women are
less likely to receive financing from the program Small Business
Innovation Research than small businesses that are owned by
men. This disadvantage in accessing financial resources was
seen especially in some areas in the USA. Other authors, for
example, Mijid and Bernasek (2013), came to the same
conclusion, and they proved a higher rate of declined loans and
lower rate of utilization of loans by female entrepreneurs
compared to male entrepreneurs.
One of the important findings of this article is that students who
claim that they want to do business also expect a higher wage.
That is exactly in compliance with the conclusions of another
study that was interested in the question of why some people
become owners of small businesses and some don’t. The
conclusions show that what makes an entrepreneur different are
the different rewards (Lofstrom, Bates, & Parkern, 2014).
5 Conclusion
In this study, the attitudes of students are towards
entrepreneurship
were
ascertained. Component research
questions were focused on the willingness/intention to start
doing business and on gender differences in these attitudes. Then
it was found that students who want to do business also expect a
higher wage than those who do not want to do business, and
finally, whether there are differences in the expected wage
connected to the type of school that the students study at.
It was found that only a small percentage of the secondary
school students (about 4 %) has a positive attitude towards
entrepreneurship. A considerable number of the 3rd and 4th year
students of secondary schools (about a quarter) are not thinking
about their future careers yet. Most frequently, students said that
they have the intention to continue studying at college (about
half of the students). Their visions are statistically significantly
different depending on gender.
Men are statistically significantly more interested in
entrepreneurship than women. Students who think about doing
business after they finish secondary school also expect a larger
income than those who don’t plan on doing business. Even this
difference was statistically significant. A statistically significant
difference in the amount of the expected gross wage in case of
doing business was not confirmed between the students who are
planning on
doing business and those who have not decided yet
what they will do after secondary school. No statistically
significant difference was found between the amount of the
expected wage and the type of secondary school (economic and
technical field of study).
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