AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
applied knowledge and experience in field of creation and
information supplies in field of practical application or transfer
from one application area into another one. It must be
understood also as a process of mutual influence of science-
technical potential on one side and sphere of business
management on the other side. It should be a permanent
movement (flow) of tangible and informational values such as:
On a vertical line (from basic through possible applied research
till development of new products and processes) including
individual phases of research, development, production
preparation till realisation phase,
On horizontal line (e.g. between two or more production
businesses, between different workplaces of research etc.)
monitoring completion of individual disciplines participating on
final production.
Concluding this part, we would like to add that incubators are
places supporting start-up establishment, places where start-ups
are hatched. They also offer support start-ups in a long term. It
takes a certain time for an idea to become a functioning start-up.
Incubator offers support to start-ups mainly during first three
years of their existence, via external guidance and leadership,
lower rent for office spaces, infrastructure. Incubators tend to be
connected to science-technical parks or universities.
3 Methodology and data
The aim of this article is mainly current situation in selected
area, there is an analysis and implication of author's own
thoughts, their presentation and their explanation and expressing
an opinion on development of start-ups in businesses in
Slovakia. This is all discussed within the context of knowledge
and experience from abroad and in connection with conditions
and their development in European Union.
On the basis of
statistical verification, we verified the links and the dependence
between the data obtained from the survey.
To verify association we apply Pearson's
χ
2
-test of independence.
Essence of the test is comparison of theoretical frequency
agreements with real measured frequencies and balancing of
difference importances between them.
Condition of the test is for the scale of elective file to be bigger
than 20, it means n > 20, and for all theoretical frequencies to be
at least 5, it means Eij
≥ 5.
Tab. 1 Pearson Correlation Coefficients
Pearson Correlation Coefficients, N = 22
Growing
importance
of star-ups in
crisis
situations
Growing
knowledge
would
precede
uncertainty,
so original
ideas would
be involved
in this
process
ending
Start-ups
in the
exercise of
its
activities
relies
solely on
its
certainty
Relations
with the
start-ups is
based on
high risk
Growing
importance
of start ups
in crisis
situations
1.0000
-0.2301
0.1254
-0.323
0.2805
0.5403
0.1035
Growing
knowledge
would
precede
uncertainty,
so original
ideas would
be involved
in this
process
ending
-0.2301
1.0000
0.1573
0.4180
0.2805
0.4528
0.0376
Start-ups in
the exercise
of its
0.1254
0.1573
1.0000
-.2879
activities
relies solely
on its
certainty
0.5403
0.4528
0.1629
Relations
with the
start-ups is
based on
high risk
-0.3233
0.4180
-.2879
1.0000
0.1015
0.0268
0.1629
Source: Authors
4 Risk management in innovation creation
Risk management plays an important role in innovation creation.
It is connected with decision making. The level of risk, when
making decision grows, especially due to lack of experience,
certainty. Business model should be result of many persuasive or
maybe contradictory opinions, flows and factors that may
influence requested result. They may prevent or restrain
execution of decision making, which will not be approved in
"higher article". Requested result is actually deciding between
assumed and real result. In relation with innovation projects
(business modes) come forward two main categories of risk in
Slovakia:
Technical risk,
Commercial risk.
Risk of ingeniousness. Use of innovation principles in practice
may result in difficulties or time of their use will be very long.
Problems may appear in process conceptions, wrong estimation
of operation of various mechanisms, in control, choosing of
materials, stock, technology advances, space arrangement etc.
Moreover, conditions of market and required specifications may
change (disturb) phases of research and engineering.
Science risks. They result from the fact, that some principles are
not good and sufficiently exercised, or that their importance was
not understood correctly.
Production risks. In final phases (prototype preparation, test
series) were revealed difficulties and problems with delivery,
costs of stock and materials, specialised work power, facilities or
energy rise.
Unpredictability and obsolescence. Innovation project (business
model) may become obsolete due to quick technical
development or unpredictable appearance of competitive product
on a market.
Commercial risk involve excessive valuation of supplier,
alteration is orders, pressure caused by competition and different
attitude of customers. Important moment is also entering market
in time when there are no favourable conditions created.
Methods for estimation of stated kinds of risk are presented in
Tab. 2. It is a matrix, where in three levels are lined technical
and commercial risks. If the proposal is situated on left top,
company requires marketing expertise. On the contrary, in case
the proposal fits matrix on the right down, it is necessary to
exercise technological expertise. Tab. 4 shows variability of
possible risks in time when innovation intentions are
materialised, beginning with explorer phase till test series and
product commercialisation.
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