AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Figure 9: Average nominal monthly wages by sectors of national
economy in Slovakia from year 2000 to year 2015 and prognosis
for 2020
Source: own work of authors based on Statistical office of the
Slovak republic
Between demography and the labor market is certainly linked to
the educational structure of the population. We, therefore,
processed the number of graduates in each degree of education
in Figure 10. In the Czech Republic, the number of people with
primary education prevails, while the number of graduates in
higher vocational education in the Czech Republic is negligible.
In the Slovak Republic, the number of people with the
completed apprenticeship prevails. As in the Czech Republic, the
number of citizens with higher vocational education is
negligible.
Figure 10: Educational structure of the population of the Czech
Republic and Slovakia in 2016
Source: own work of authors based on Statistical office of the
Slovak republic and Czech statistical office
From the available data, we calculated the education index. The
Education Index is calculated from the Mean years of schooling
index and the Expected years of schooling index. (Human
Development Reports, 2017) The education index of the
monitored countries is 0.866 for the Czech Republic and 0.802
for the Slovak Republic.
As well as in the national economy also at the educational level,
we have processed gross wage figures for the Czech Republic
(Figure 11) and for the Slovakia (Figure 12).
From a general point of view, it can be stated that in the Czech
Republic men are the better-paid employees than women. Under
the conditions of the Czech Republic, the best wage valuation is
obtained by graduates with the university education, while the
lowest wage score is achieved by employees who are graduates
with the primary education and with the apprenticeship
education.
Figure 11 Gross wage by educational level in the Czech
Republic in 2016 in €
Source: own work of authors based on Czech statistical office
Based on the statistical data obtained, men belong to the highest
salaried workers unlike women, not only in the Czech Republic
but also in the Slovak Republic. The highest wage rate for men
in the Slovak Republic is achieved by university graduates,
while the lowest wage score is reached by men with the highest
level of education attained by the primary education. The highest
wage for women in the Slovak Republic is achieved by
university graduates as it is with men. The lowest wage
evaluation is achieved by graduates with apprenticeship
education.
Figure 12 Gross wage by educational level in Slovakia in 2016
in €
Source: own work of authors based on Statistical office of the
Slovak republic
To assess the dynamics of structural changes in the labor market
from a sectoral point of view, we chose the shift - share analysis
method - the analysis of structural changes. The structural
change analysis method can extract the competitive position of
the regions from the economic context and points to the
dynamics of the development or the lagging behind of the
individual sectors of the national economy in the given region, at
the national average, over a given period of time. The purpose of
applying this method is therefore to assess the structural changes
in the different sectors and countries in the period from 2000 to
2020, which is a forecast year.
When applying the method of structural change analysis, we
implied measurement through the competitiveness effect, which
shows whether in the given region, in our case in the country, the
average change in employment for each sector of the national
economy was higher than the average change in employment for
the same sectors in both Czech and Slovak Republic.
Competitiveness Effect has the formula:
í µí°·í µí°¼í µí°¹= ∑
í µí°¸
í µí±–í µí±Ÿ
0
í µí°¸
í µí±Ÿ
0
∗�
í µí°¸
í µí±–í µí±Ÿ
1
í µí°¸
í µí±–í µí±Ÿ
0
–
í µí°¸
í µí±–í µí±›
1
í µí°¸
í µí±–í µí±›
0
� (4)
Table 2 interprets the results of the structural change analysis in
the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
€
Year
Average nominal monthly wages in Slovakia
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Number
Educational level
Educational structure of the population in
2016
Czech republic
Slovakia
0
500
1000
1500
2000
€
Educational level
Gross wage by educational level in Czech
republic
Men
Women
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
€
Educational level
Gross wage by educational level in Slovakia
Men
Women
- 202 -