AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
compared to those who were raised up with integrative parenting
style (MD = -2.639; p = 0.005), liberal (MD = -1.983; p = 0.030)
and autocratic parenting style (MD = -2.211; p = 0.009).
In personality dimension agreeableness, adolescents raised up
with liberal parenting style obtain significantly higher score,
compared to adolescents who were raised up with autocratic
(MD = 5.644), indifferent (MD = 3.974) and integrative
parenting style (MD = 7.007) at the level of statistical
significance of 0.001.
In the personality dimension consciousness, the highest average
score was obtained adolescents who were raised up with liberal
and integrative parenting style. A statistically significant
difference was found between adolescents raised up with liberal
parenting style and integrative (MD = 4.448; p = 0.001) and
autocratic parenting style (MD = 3.814, p = 0.002). A significant
difference in consciousness was also found among adolescents
who were raised up with integrative parenting style and
adolescents who were parenting style by indifferent parenting
style (MD = 2.471; p = 0.017).
4 Discussion and conclusion
Adolescents raised up with integrative and liberal parenting style
are characterized by higher emotional stability (or lower
neuroticism). They are more sensuous, friendly and extraverted.
However, it should be noted that the adolescents raised up with
liberal style parenting style have achieved a slightly higher score
in all variables (personality dimensions), compared with those
who have been raised up with the integrative parenting style.
These two parenting styles are generally considered to be the
most appropriate and desirable for the development of positive
personality traits. Parents require from child to keep up with the
standards, reasonable and at a level corresponding to their age.
Such parents are usually helpful, responsive and child-oriented.
For these parenting styles are characteristic partner-equivalent
parent-child relationships, which support the development of
positive personality characteristics such as agreeableness,
consciousness and stability. These results correspond to the
results with E. F. C. Sleddens et al. (2014), who found that
positive parental control and support stimulate curiosity,
friendliness and stability. Openness was not related to these
parenting styles.
The second model describes the impact of indifferent parenting
style on the personality dimensions. The results of the analyzes
were confirmed predictions, however, the effect of indifferent
parenting is not the same as the effect of autocratic parenting, the
differences between them will be described in the following
model. The problem of indifferent parenting is a drastic
disagreement between parenting practices (eg, autocratic vs.
liberal education). Highly misbalanced parenting practices result
in the creation of emotional instability (neuroticism) in the
individual, because the individual perceives one parent as a
refusing one, while the other may then be in the coalition (
Čáp,
J., Boschek, P., 2000).
Neuroticism also influences other
personality components. As we have found in research,
individuals raised up with indifferent parenting style are
characterized by a lower level of all other personality
dimensions, including the openness to experience that is in all
other research groups (liberal, integrative, autocratic) within the
norms. We can confirm that indifferent education has the most
adverse influence on the personality development and
personality characteristics. However, it is a puzzling fact that this
research group accounted for up to 59% of individuals in the
research sample, which is up to 15% higher comparing to norms.
As theoretical and empirical bases state, individuals raised up
with autocratic parenting style are distinguished by reduced
emotional stability, which corresponds to the results of our
research. Strong neuroticism is formed in individuals raised
under the strong parental control, which causes stressful
situations, frequent admissions, and forms neurotic traits in the
adolescent personality. However, this claim is only partially
proven in research. Even though the individuals raised with
autocratic parenting style have higher degree of neuroticism,
other personality dimensions are within the norms (except
extraversion). Autocratic parenting style "limits" the personality,
in the sense that it diminishes extraversion and emotional
stability but increases consciousness and agreeableness. This
leads to a highly introverted personality.
The results of the analyses confirmed several hypotheses based
on previous researches (for example Belsky, J., Barends, N.,
2002; Clarke, L. A., 2000; Čáp, J., Boschek, P., 2000; Losoya, S.
H., 1997). By the study, we confirmed the significant
relationship between the parenting styles and the personality
dimensions. On the basis of these results, we can assert that the
moderate model, based on the theoretical and empirical findings,
is functional.
Résumé: There exists the relation between quality of the parental
style and the quality of the personality. The parental styles
characterized through the negative emotions and problematic
control are in the relation with negative personality dimensions
as low emotional stability, low openness to experience, low
agreeableness, low conscientiousness. This result can open the
problem of the risk behavior product and the relation with the
personality dispositions. It is possible to assume, in accord with
Čerešník, M. (2016), that mentioned personality qualities can
contribute to the higher risk behavior production in the
population of the adolescents
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