AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
APPLICATION OF OPEN DATA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
a
LUCIE STAŇKOVÁ,
b
JAN BOUBÍN
Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2,
461 17 Liberec 1, Czech republic
email:
a
lucie.stankova1@tul.cz,
b
jan.boubin@tul.cz
The article was developed with the support of SGS project of Technical University of
Liberec No. 3600/21194 "The use of Open Data for the purpose of implementing and
managing Start – up projects and increasing corporate transparency".
Abstract: Open data represent a significant potential for a business development
through strategic planning and innovation management. They can also serve as a tool
for increasing transparency and reducing corruption. Yet, open data are still neglected
and they are not given enough importance. This might be caused by insufficient
information support of open data. The paper aims to analyze the current level of
application of open data by a primary questionnaire survey on a sample of private
sector companies and public sector organizations in the Czech Republic. The results of
this paper represent a comprehensive overview of current open data applications by
companies and organizations in the Czech Republic.
Keywords: application, Czech Republic, open data, primary survey, private sector,
public sector
1 Introduction
Open data brings new potential for economic development. Wide
range of data usage include, for example, strategic planning,
innovation management, or corporate transparency. Open data
may be important for research and development within
businesses and across sectors. Last but not least, they can be
an important source of initial information for a new business or
project (for example, a start-up).
The digitization of the current market is evident from a number
of initiatives. The most significant is Industry 4.0 which
considers digital data sharing to be very important. Open data
support and emphasizing its importance should in the future lead
to streamlining business processes and also to creating more
diverse partnerships, alliances or clusters. In the future, open
data could, for example, help consumers with choosing the right
product
from a trustworthy company (with emphasis on its good
reputation).
Different experience in working with open data is due to
the different nature of subjects. In the public sector, data are
published in a variety of forms and in the long-term period
(which is determined by law). The work with them becomes
an integral part of public organizations functioning. In
the private sector, open data is a new tool, and therefore,
the awareness of it is not at the level where it could be.
Some companies do not have enough information on
the data-opening option, other companies cannot efficiently
work with data and use their potential in a day-to-day process
practically. Apparently, information support for open data in the
private sector is not at a very high level. Current initiatives target
mainly at the public sector, especially at governmental
institutions. Various organizations often emphasize the positive
effects of open data across sectors and market segments.
However, there are also shortcomings in the use of open data in
the public sector.
2 Problem formulation
The basic characteristics of open data is their availability.
The data is freely accessible electronically to all businesses,
institutions, and private entities. This enables their free
distribution and the possibility of sharing with as many entities
as possible. Specifically, these are data from a variety of areas of
economics, economy, research, development, etc. (Open
Knowledge Foundation, 2012)
In the Open Knowledge Foundation handbook (2012) it is stated
that availability, redistribution, re-use, a lack of technology
constraints, authorship and integrity are one of the basic
prerequisites for open data. It also states that the prohibition of
discrimination against persons, groups or open data applications
must be respected. The rules also apply to license requirements.
The license must not restrict the dissemination of further work
(or the same license must be used for the new document as for
the original document). The authors of the handbook also claim
that the rights associated with a particular dataset must apply to
all users without the need for an additional license.
Berg (2013) claims that open data can be used by a variety of
entities. The users of the open data are divided into five basic
groups - open data suppliers, data aggregators, application
developers, enrichers and enablers.
Suppliers publish open data freely. It may not be their primary
goal; however, it is often a form of a company strategy. Data
aggregators mainly process external data. Their main benefit is
the added value of working with these data in the form of their
further processing, cleaning or combining. Application
developers are a very important component because they are
the ones who provide data processing and make open data
accessible. The primary goal of developers is to process data into
usable applications as efficiently and organized as possible.
Data enrichers collect and then create their own expertise. This
creates added value for customers, making primary and austere
open data more user-friendly. Enablers create tools, technologies
or methods by which data are published and can become open.
The supplier, the aggregator and the enricher can be identified in
the private and public sectors. Application development and data
access are typically provided by private companies (mostly in
the field of information technology). (Berg, 2013)
Open data are widely used in open innovation. Open innovations
represent a situation where a company is willing to share its
knowledge and experience to some extent with other entities and
continue to develop the innovation potential. In the open
innovation model, shared data are crucial. Based on open data,
experts can deduct or calculate the success or return of
the planned innovation. They can, therefore, come to
a conclusion on whether it is cost-effective to introduce
the innovation. (Boček, 2012, Chlapek et al., 2012)
Open data have a significant impact on the development of
the economic environment of a country as well as on individual
companies. Open data provided by external entities may lead to
build an optimal company strategy, to change strategies or to
search for new business activities and opportunities. (Lathrop
and Ruma, 2010;
MV ČR, 2015) This supports the innovative
thinking of corporate employees. Through open data,
the suitability of the innovation and further the innovation itself
can be adequately planned and managed. (Saebi and Foss, 2015)
Furthermore, open data can serve as a tool for evaluating and
searching for potential partners, increasing corporate
transparency, or communicating with customers. (Open
Knowledge International, 2016)
According to Chlapek et al. (2012), the most important objective
of the public sector is to increase the transparency of activities of
public organizations. Strengthening the reputation of public
organizations is closely linked with the funding of these entities,
which is ensured primarily through collected taxes. That is why
the clarity and awareness of a number of orders is very important
and increases the credibility of the country and public
organizations.
3 Methods
The main research question is: To what extent and in what areas
are open data applied by companies and organizations of
the private and public sector in the Czech Republic?
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the current level of open data
application in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on their
use
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