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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
28.9%). These preferences are statistically significant in both
cases; a Chi-Square Test for the equality of distributions of
choice for left- and right-face symmetrical composites showed,
that there are statistically significant differences in these
distributions in both the female (sig. = 0.000) and male facial
composites (sig = 0.000) favouring the left-face symmetrical
composite (Table 1).
Tab. 1: Chi-Square Test For Attractiveness Rating (All
Participants)
Symmetric.
composite
Observed
N
Expected
N
Residual
Chi-sq.
Sig.
♀ Left
1,907
1,133.5
773.5
1055.68
0.000
♀ Right
360
1,133,5
-773,5
♂ Left
1,612
1,133.5
478.5
403.99
0.000
♂ Right
655
1,133,5
-478.5
5.1 Sex Differences in the Preference for Left- or Right-Face
Symmetrical Composite in the Rating of Attractiveness
When attention was placed on the differences in facial
attractiveness preference for left- or right-face symmetrical
composites according to the sex of the observer (evaluator), the
results showed that both sexes – male and female – evaluated the
attractiveness of the left- and right-face symmetrical composites
similarly. Male (Table 2) and also female (Table 3) observers, to
a statistically significantly degree, preferred the left-face
symmetrical composite to the right-face symmetrical composite
in female facial composites as well as in male facial composites.
Tab. 2: Chi-Square Test For Attractiveness Rating (Male
Participants)
Symmetric.
composite
Observed
N
Expected
N
Residual
Chi-sq.
Sig.
♀ Left
762
455.5
306.5
412.48
0.000
♀ Right
149
455.5
-306,5
♂ Left
672
455.5
171.5
129.14
0.000
♂ Right
284
455.5
-171.5
Tab. 3: Chi-Square Test For Attractiveness Rating (Female
Participants)
Symmetric.
composite
Observed
N
Expected
N
Residual
Chi-sq.
Sig.
♀ Left
1,145
678.0
467.0
643.33
0.000
♀ Right
211
678.0
467.0
♂ Left
985
678.0
307.0
278,02
0.000
♂ Right
371
678.0
-307.0
5.2 General Preference for the Left or Right Half of the Face
in the Evaluation Task
The next task which required an assignment of which face from
two facial composites was more feminine, in reality detected,
whether the subjects use the left or right half of the face
composite for the evaluation process (in this case the evaluation
of the presence of sexually dimorphic features in the face).
Similar to the rating of attractiveness, subjects relied on the left
half of the facial composite significantly more than on the right
half (Table 4).
Tab. 4: Chi-Square Test For Evaluation Task (All Participants)
Evaluation
according
to the:
Observed
N
Expected
N
Residual
Chi-sq.
Sig.
Left half
1,333
1,133.5
199.5
70.225
0.000
Right half
934
1,133.5
-199.5
The tendency to prefer the left half of the face in the evaluation
task is not as strong as in the rating of attractiveness; however it
is still statistically dominant. It applies to the whole sample of
tested participants as well to both women and men individually.
The Chi-Square Test for the equality of distribution of choice for
the left and right half of the face calculated for female
participants showed a statistically significant (sig. = 0.000; Chi.
sq. = 62.879) preference for the left half of the face (N = 824)
over the right half (N = 532). Similar results were also gained in
the Chi-Square Test for male participants – they also preferred
the left half of the face (N = 509) over the right half (N = 402).
Even though the preference for the left half of the face in the
evaluation task was not so prevalent in the male participants as
the female, it was statistically significant (sig. = 0.000, Chi-sq. =
12.568).
5.3 Consistency in the Rating of Attractiveness and the
Evaluation Tasks
Another question is, whether the subjects who rely on the left
half of the face in the evaluation task also prefer the left-face
symmetrical composite within the attractiveness rating (and vice
versa: subjects that rely on the right half of the face in the
evaluation task also prefer the right-face symmetrical composite
within the attractiveness rating). Table 5 shows, that the majority
(N = 962) of participants who rely on the left half of the face in
the evaluation task also considered the male left-face
symmetrical composite more attractive. The rest (N = 371) found
the male right-face symmetrical composite more attractive.
Tab. 5: Frequency of Choices in the Attractiveness Rating and
the Evaluation Task (All Participants)
The preference of symmetrical face
composite in attractiveness rating
according to left-/right side symmetry
The choice of the half of the
face in the evaluation task
Left half
Right half
Female composites
Left
1,119
788
Right
214
146
Male composites
Left
962
650
Right
371
284
On the contrary, from those participants who rely on the right
half of the face in the valuation task only 284 also considered the
right-face male symmetrical composite as more attractive. The
majority (N = 650) assigned the left-face male symmetrical
composite as the more attractive. It therefore seems, that the
tendency to evaluate the left-face male symmetrical composite as
more attractive than the right-face male symmetrical composite
is stronger than the preference for the left half of the face in the
evaluation task. However, both tendencies – in the rating of
attractiveness and the evaluation task – favour the left half of the
face over the right half. These tendencies are even stronger with
the female face symmetrical composites. From 1,333 participants
who rely on the left half of the face in the evaluation task 1,119
participants considered the left-face female symmetrical
composite as more attractive and only 214, the left-face female
symmetrical composite. Again, a large portion (N = 788) of
participants who rely on the right half of the face in the
evaluation task, considered the left-face female symmetrical
composite to be more attractive.
6 Discussion
The research showed a strong, statistically significant preference
for the left half over the right half of human face in the rating of
attractiveness as well as in the specialized evaluation task. These
results correspond with research that has proved the superiority
of the left visual field (Jung et al., 2017) and right brain
hemisphere (Burt and Perrett, 1997; Yovel, Tambini, and
Brandman, 2008) in the perception of faces. However, further
intensive research focused on various tasks connected with facial
perception could clarify the problem more precisely.
Neuroscientists stress the fact that the process of facial
perception is complicated and varies according to the task. E.g.
face recognition of familiar faces and face identification differ
from the process of facial perception focused on extracting the
meaning of facial expressions as well as from the process of eye
gaze perception (Haxby and Gobbini, 2014).
The preference for the left half of the face within facial
perception was strongest in the attractiveness rating and in the
rating of the female face symmetrical composite. An
attractiveness rating is based on an evolutionary derived set of
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