AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
The described architecture is shown in fig. 1.
Figure 2: Process flow of proposed concept
Source: own elaboration
It is recommendable to search for possible involvement of any
existing scalable voting mobile applications to implement a
finished solution instead of own in-house software development
or even contracting of external software company. In-house
software development may take long time. It is important to
consider how an integration of an existing app with its
constraints may affect its utilization for targeted purpose
described in following subchapter.
The concept depicted in fig. 1 demonstrates the high-level
architecture of proposed concept. Here it is necessary to consider
the security of user credentials and data, the possibility of
limiting the number of voters and how the group of users entitled
to vote may be populated, how the connection on internal
databases shall be ensured, how data from conducted voting
shall be preserved, how the proposed model can be made
scalable to needed level for various utilization cases, etc.
2.2 Use Case Scenario
This subsection demonstrates a typical use case that was targeted
to be solved by provided concept proposal.
University students are often assigned to elaborate various
projects that shall be presented in front of the whole group and
the lecturer assesses the conducted work with a note, eventually
by a number of points or other corresponding evaluation. This
represents a typical assessment and decision-making process.
Such a situation offers the opportunity of including students into
decision-making where they can collect experience in
assessment and through comparing other students among
themselves. They can develop their soft skills in various fields,
e.g. giving and receiving constructive feedback, defending their
decision and viewpoint with arguments, making fast valid
decisions based on relevant aspects.
In typical use case scenario, the lecturer determines and
distributes assignments to students or students groups that are to
be elaborated until a given specified deadline. After the deadline,
students are presenting the results of their work in front of their
peers.
The lecturer sets up a new object or item in the system through
an entry point by providing some description and optionally
some attributes for later categorizing that may be used for later
data mining analysis like which study subject etc. The setting up
could already include using of a preset template that may foster
easy and fast set up. The system would generate an ID. There
are several options how to generate such an ID. It could be also a
combination of an arbitrary word entered by the lecturer
combined with a consecutive number referring to the number of
occurrences of given key word. Alternatively, it may consist
purely of a sequential number of given created object. Although
there are several ways, the authors of this paper recommend a
combination of an arbitrary entered word by the lecturer and a
consecutive number, as the setting up is considered comfortable
for lecturers.
The system would further automatically populate some fields
like date and time, faculty, subject, optionally name of the
lecturer etc. This data is possible to be automatically populated
based on user accounts data. It may simplify the setting up for
lecturers and become a user-friendly environment.
After the setting up is closed, the object may become available
for users to send requests, in other words, for students to vote.
After any presentation students, representing the audience may
send their votes in points or by selecting an option from
provided offered choices and evaluate the performance of their
peer on that way.
The lecturer would open the object for viewing results in
appropriate presentation system and the processing system
would update the results by any new received vote. The lecturer
may discuss the voting results with students and draw their
attention to not considered aspects, mistakes done etc. There is
also room for further analysis and discussion of various aspects
by students at time of their voting about their reasoning like why
they chose conducted option for a given result. On this way,
students may be more motivated and animated to listen to
contributions of their peers as they are requested to assess their
work and have to explain their decisions. At the same time,
students may get motivated for giving a better performance as
they will be evaluated objectively by a broader group of
evaluators: a whole group of their peers and not only
subjectively by one lecturer.
The exemplified application of presented concept denotes only a
very simple use case of various possibilities. It is also possible to
use such voting style also for discussion events, analyzing
historical events by asking how students would behave (decide
to act on different ways based on projected situation), or even
giving comparisons of voting results of performances of various
students.
2.3 Possible Misuses, Extensions or Further Applications
In order to achieve the goal of an objective assessment, it is
important to prevent students voting always in superlatives for
all their peers by desiring only good notes for all or only for
particular peers. Therefore, the voting itself is not determining
the resulting note of a student, but the lecturer does. It is only an
opportunity to collect the opinion of every one student within a
very short time and to combine him or her contribution into one
collective decision. It represents a way of gathering experience
in making objective decision based on prescribed assessing
aspects and opens the possibility of training in giving
constructive critical feedback towards given performance.
In case the application stores the whole voting of each user
separately, it is possible to choose some of the assessing users
(one or more) to explain the assessment they gave and eventually
to let them confront each other against their assessments. This
proposes a new opportunity to vote for assessment and
evaluation of given performance that is represented by giving
explanations to given voting and taken position. If an end user is
forced to objectively explain his/her decision, the motivation to
participate is higher than by an anonymous voting. At the same
time, it may enhance the whole process with the aspect of giving
constructive and critical evaluation when the end user is forced
to defend his/her opinion against an opinion of someone else
with relevant arguments and explaining them to everyone in the
group. The ability to defend a standpoint or conducted decision
represents a skill that is significantly important and essential for
managerial positions and management professionals.
The selection of “assessment defendants” could be implemented
by random choice or by a pseudorandom selection from a group
that fulfills some criteria (e.g. users who were mostly negative,
positive or neutral or even including the aspect whether the user
already absolved the defending of his/her assessment already in
the past), based on some statistical evaluation e.g. whose voting
is outside the median or conducted manually.
It is also possible to use such a voting application for other
purposes: collective decision making among lecturers about any
topic during their meetings, brainstorming within a team in a
business company, decision making in any big group analogue to
using color cards for vote expression used by agile project
management processes, etc.
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