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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
share belongs to Hungary from 2008 to 2013. For the second
commodity, chickens, we realise three different countries in
different periods: in 2004 and 2007, it was the Czech Republic,
from 2005 to 2006 and 2011 and 2012, Slovakia, and the third
country, Hungary, from 2008-2010 and in 2013. For the next
commodity, horses, we easily recognise the best export share of
Poland. Pigs have the best share in Hungary from 2004 to 2010,
and Slovakia from 2011 to 2013. For the sheep commodity, it is
plainly Hungary. For the last commodity, turkeys, the best share
is in Slovakia from 2004 to 2005, the Czech Republic from 2006
to 2008 and in 2011, with Poland having the best share from
2009 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2013.
FIGURE 2: Relative Export Share of Six Commodities, 2004-
2013
Source: author’s own calculation based on (FAOSTAT, 2015),
(International Trade in Goods - Exports 2001-2016, 2015).
3.2 Relative Import Share of Live Animals and Six Chosen
Commodities
The records show that, in the chosen period, the Czech Republic
imported more live animals of all its imports than the rest of the
V4 countries, compared with the world. The Czech Republic had
1.64 times more than the average, Hungary 1.42 and Poland 1.47
times more imported live animals. Only the Slovak Republic
imported less than 1.10 times.
If we examine single country results over the periods, we
confirm that Poland had the advantage of the V4 import share
from 2007 to 2009 and from 2012 to 2013, and Hungary from
2004 to 2006 and from 2010 to 2011, as shown in Table 2 and
Figure 3.
TABLE 2: Relative Import Share of Live Animals, 2004-2013
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
CZ
0.38
0.45
0.41
0.33
0.52
HU
1.38
1.43
1.45
0.83
0.71
PL
0.84
0.98
0.73
0.84
1.06
SK
0.85
1.00
0.86
0.66
1.01
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
CZ
0.52
0.58
0.55
0.92
1.00
HU
1.08
2.01
1.77
2.04
1.53
PL
1.49
1.29
1.60
2.54
3.32
SK
0.99
1.13
1.09
1.68
1.76
Source: author’s own calculation based on ( FAOSTAT, 2015),
(International trade in goods - imports 2001-2016, 2015).
FIGURE 3: Relative Import Share of Live Animals, 2004-2013
Source: author’s own calculation based on ( FAOSTAT, 2015),
(International trade in goods - imports 2001-2016, 2015).
The value of the method becomes more apparent when we
compare relative import shares between various commodities as
highlited in Figure 4. We see the highest bold marked share
value of the commodity in the period from 2004 to 2013. The
first commodity is cattle, where we see the highest import share
in Poland from 2004 to 2007; after that the next highest import
share belongs Slovakia from 2008 to 2009 and Hungary from
2010 to 2013. For the second commodity, chickens, we easily
realise the highest import share for Slovakia, except in 2004,
which refers to Poland. For the next commodity, horses, we
easily recognise the highest import share for Poland, except in
2009 for the Czech Republic and, in 2011, for the Slovak
Republic. The highest pig share goes to Hungary from 2004 to
2007 and in 2010, and Poland from 2008 to 2009 and 2011 to
2013. For the sheep commodity, Hungary is plainly shown as the
best. The last commodity, turkeys, shows us that Poland had the
highest import share for the whole period.
FIGURE 4: Relative Import Share of Six Commodities, 2004-
2013
Source: author’s own calculation based on ( FAOSTAT, 2015),
(International trade in goods - imports 2001-2016, 2015).
3.3 Relative Export and Import Advantage of Live Animals
and Six Chosen Commodities
By examining Tables 3 and 4, Figure 5 and 6, the same results
as for the RES and RIS data, which were previously examined,
can be confirmed. However, the difference in this calculation is
that the raw indices are converted to natural logarithms as we
implement the principle of export and import advantage
mentioned in the methodology. A positive value of REA and
RIA is interpreted as an indication of a country’s export or
import advantage versus the rival – the world.
TABLE 3: Relative Export Advantage of Live Animals, 2004-
2013
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
CZ
0.58
0.61
0.52
0.52
0.69
HU
0.74
0.81
0.72
0.59
0.90
PL
1.14
1.20
1.23
0.83
0.59
SK
0.11
0.41
0.47
0.22
0.32
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