AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
DECOMPOSITION OF DRIVING SYSTEMS SPECIFIED FOR REHABILITATION MACHINES
a
DANIELA HARACHOVÁ
The Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, Department of Machine Design, of automotive and
traffic engineering; Letná 9, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
email:
a
Daniela.Harachova@tuke.sk.
VEGA 1/0198/15, Innovative approach to processing driving units and construction of
transportation and handling facilities, with a view to reducing emissions and increasing
level of technical reliability.
Abstract: The rehabilitation engineering deals with a proposal and design of
mechanical devices that are helpful to disabled persons during individual phases of the
rehabilitation process. The main task of the mechanical support, which is specified for
the motoric rehabilitation, is measuring and evaluation of the physical status of the
rehabilitants with regard to objective determination of the diagnosis, selection of the
suitable therapy and performing of controlled manipulation with the treated motional
segment of human body in order to improve physical abilities of the rehabilitant. The
assistance devices are using specific driving systems designed for increasing of the
loading forces, for keeping of constant speeds and for positioning of patient. An
important part of the driving system is the gearing mechanism. This article describes
gearing systems applied in design of the rehabilitation machines.
Keywords: Rehabilitation, system drive, backlash-free movement.
1. Introduction
Threat of very serious illnesses that require demanding
diagnostics and therapy is always actual in spite of the technical
and medical progress reached during development of a mankind.
The rehabilitation engineering is a biomedical branch of science,
which integrates and applies knowledge obtained from the
various scientific disciplines, namely from the medical and
technical sciences. The main task of the rehabilitation
engineering consists in design proposal of special mechanical
systems determined for disabled persons and applied during the
individual periods of the rehabilitation process. The driving
system is an integrated part of every rehabilitation machine.
2. Drives of rehabilitation machines
Process of development in the rehabilitation area is very dynamic
also thanks to a progress, which was made within the framework
of the robotic equipment design. Architecture of apparatuses
designed for motoric rehabilitation can be characterised by the
specific constructional features taking into consideration the
anthropometrical, biomechanical and medical aspects, as well as
by the safety aspects relating to the man-machine interaction.
The rehabilitation equipment can be divided according to the
rehabilitated parts of the human body. There are applied special
individual rehabilitation devices intended for rehabilitation of the
following human body parts:
head and neck,
vertebra,
upper limbs,
lower limbs.
Another possible classification of the rehabilitation equipment is
according to the kind of loading or loading forces acting against
the patient's body during application of the given rehabilitation
equipment, i.e.:
rehabilitation devices with loading,
rehabilitation devices without loading (suitable for the
patients just after surgery)
combined rehabilitation devices.
Design solutions of the rehabilitation machines are as follows:
pedestal-type,
bed-type,
multifunctional.
The mechanically supported motoric rehabilitation allows
measuring and evaluation of the rehabilitant's physical status
with regard to objective determination of the diagnosis, selection
of the suitable therapy and possibility to perform controlled
manipulation with the treated motional segment in order to
improve physical abilities of the rehabilitant. The rehabilitation
supporting devices are equipped with various driving systems
intended for increasing of the loading level, for keeping of
constant speeds and for positioning of patient.
Fig. 1 Rehabilitation equipment
2. Simulation of situation
The gearing mechanism is an important constructional part for
each of the driving systems. There are applied in the medical
machines the high-precise gears, whereas they are usually
analysed with regard to their constructional adaptability,
dimensions and own mass reduction.
Backlash-free mechanisms belong into the group of high-precise
gears. These gears are produced at a very high precision level of the
functional surfaces. The value of the applied accuracy tolerances is
approx.
1μm using the pre-stressed assembly and minimal internal
friction among the rolling bodies. It is possible in this way to reduce
heat generation in the gearbox and consequently there is also reduced
dilatation of the internal elements with a positive influence on the
gearbox operation accuracy.
Fig. 2 Drive system - block diagram of hierarchical ties for
therapeutic tools
SYSTEM DRIVE
MECHANICAL PART
MANAGEMENT PART
TRENSMISSION SYSTEMS
REVERSE MOVEMENT
BECKLASH-FREE MOVEMENT
VIBRATION
MECHANICAL ADAPTER
POSITIONG SYSTEMS
STANDARD SIGMALS
LAD
UNIVERSALITY
USE
AN ARCHITECTURA
USING THE
PRINCIPLES OF
MINIATURIZATION
SELECT
MATERIALS
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