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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
male students comparing female students with HDs showing
significantly higher level of positive SWB-Ds (U=2793,
p=0.022, r=0.158) (Figure 1).
The results of the present study further revealed no significant
differences in Current Psychological Problems, Self-Esteem and
Depressive Mood between male and female high school students
with HDs (Table 1) neither in negative SWB-Ds (Figure 1).
Table 1. Differences in SWB between male and female students
with HDs
SWB-Ds
Male students
(n=63)
Female
students
(n=112)
U
p
/±SD
(point score)
OLS
4.45±0.94
4.08±1.03
2768*
0.018
CPP
2.46±0.95
2.61±0.98
3234
0.360
CPD
1.97±0.51
2.18±0.64
2872*
0.041
SE
4.44±1.28
4.23±1.20
3065
0.149
DM
2.68±1.09
2.71±0.99
3349
0.577
Note. U = Mann-Whitney U-test statistics; p = statistical
significance (p-values *
≤.05)
Figure 1. Differences in positive and negative SWB-Ds between
male and female students with HDs
Analysing different items of the Overall Life Satisfaction
domain we found that male students with HDs presented
significantly higher SWB than female peers by reporting:
“My future looks good”;
“I enjoy life more than most people”;
“I can deal well with the implementation of my life plans”.
In the SWB-D of Current Physical Difficulties presented female
students with HDs significantly higher occurrence of:
stomach ache;
dizziness;
unable to fall asleep;
headache.
Even in the SWB-D Self-Esteem were not found significant
differences between male and female students with HDs, male
students
presented significantly higher positive attitude towards
themselves comparing female students with HDs preferring
sedentary leisure activities.
4 Discussion
SWB represents a general tendency to hold a positive, or not so
positive, life view, which also influences the perception of
different aspects of life such as health (Røysamb et al., 2003).
Research studies has reported relatively strong relations between
SWB and perceived health, the associations seem weaker and
less stable when external or “objective” measures of specific
disorders are used (Diener et al., 1999; Watten et al., 1997).
The
objective of the present study was to analyse and compare the
SWB between male and female high school students with self-
reported health disorders preferring sedentary types of leisure
activities. The present study declared significantly higher SWB
in the group of male high school students with self-reported
health disorders compare female peers by reporting significantly
higher level of Overall Life Satisfaction and significantly lower
occurrence of Current Physical Difficulties. Already some
investigators were measure the SWB among adolescent’s
population according to the gender differences (Nemček, 2020).
Similar finding was revealed by Ladecká, Nemček &
Harčaríková (2019) who analysed the SWB in the group of
students with physical disabilities and compare it between
genders. Female students of their study also declared
significantly higher occurrence of Current Physical Difficulties
compare males, but they also presented significantly higher
occurrence of Current Psychological Problems compare male
peers (Ladecká, Nemček & Harčaríková, 2019). The authors of
another research (Nemček, Kurková & Wittmannová, 2019)
analysed and compare the SWB among healthy high school
population preferring sedentary leisure activities. They found
significantly higher level of positive SWBDs and significantly
lower of negative SWB-Ds in the group of healthy male high
school students compared female peers preferring sedentary leisure
activities (Nemček, Kurková & Wittmannová, 2019). Compare the
results of the present study, there was also found significantly
higher level of positive SWB-Ds in the group of male students
compare female peer, but not in negative SWB-Ds.
There is a growing public health concern over the effects that
sedentary lifestyles are having on the physical and psychological
health of children and adolescents (Bendíková, 2016; Marko &
Bendíková, 2019). The SWB in the group of adolescents
preferring sedentary leisure activities were investigated by
collective of authors Nemček et al. (2020). In the group of male
high school students, they found significant differences in all
three negative SWB-Ds of BFW questionnaire between healthy
adolescents and those with self-reported HDs. The male young
people with HDs of their study showed significantly higher
occurrence of Current Psychological Problems, Current Physical
Difficulties as well as Depressive Mood compare healthy male
peers. No significant differences were found in the group of
female adolescents according to their self-reported health status
(Nemček et al., 2020). In a meta-analysis, Linton (2000)
concluded that there was a clear link between distress, anxiety,
mood, emotions, and the onset of both acute and chronic pain.
Common genetic factors contributing to the relationship between
back/neck pain and anxiety/depression have been reported
(Reichborn-Kjennerud et al., 2002), and the serotonin and
noradrenaline systems of the brain appear to be involved in both
psychological distress and pain sensitivity (Atkinson et al., 1999;
Besson, 1999; Nemeroff, 1998).
The present study further refers about significantly higher level
of positive feelings in the male group of students with HDs when
they reported, that their future looks good, enjoy life more than
most people, can deal well with the implementation of their life
plans as well as showing positive attitude towards themselves
compare female peers. The present study further refers about
significantly higher level of negative feelings in the group of
female students with HDs when they revealed significantly
higher occurrence of stomachache, headache, dizziness and
problems with sleep compare male students with HDs. Røysamb
et al. (2003) found, that SWB is substantially related to
perceived health, moderately and negatively related to
musculoskeletal pain, and virtually unrelated to allergic
disorders.
Authors Nemček, Kurková & Wittmannová (2019)
also found significantly higher level of positive feelings in the
group of healthy male high school students comparing healthy
female high school students preferring sedentary leisure
activities. Male adolescent of mentioned study displayed, that
they can deal well with the implementation of their life plans, do
things as well as most people, feel as valuable as the others and
have a positive attitude towards themselves. In the same
investigation, published by
Nemček, Kurková & Wittmannová
(2019), healthy female students presented significantly higher
occurrence of the same physical problems than female students
of the present study but healthy female adolescents of study
Nemček, Kurková & Wittmannová (2019) also reported many
significant problems in psychological domain, like worries about
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