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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

CURRENT TAXATION MECHANISM OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION: ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT AT THE
CURRENT STAGE

KHAIBAT MAGOMEDTAGIROVNA MUSAEVA,

FARIDA

ISLAMUDINOVNA MIRZABALAEVA,

ZAGIDAT

IBRAGIMBEKOVNA SHAKHBANOVA,

GALIMAT

ALIEVNA BAMMAEVA

Federal state educational institution of higher education

“Dagestan State University”, 43A Gadjieva Street,
Makhachkala, 367000, Republic of Dagestan, Russian
Federation

Federal state educational institution of higher education

“Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, 36 Stremyanny
Lane, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

Federal state educational institution of higher education

“Dagestan State University”, 43A Gadjieva Street,
Makhachkala, 367000, Republic of Dagestan, Russian
Federation

e-mail: zavazatm17@gmail.com

Federal state educational institution of higher education

“Dagestan State University”, 43A Gadjieva Street,
Makhachkala, 367000, Republic of Dagestan, Russian
Federation

Abstract: The main goal of the study was to identify ways to improve the taxation
mechanism of credit institutions in the Russian Federation as a special group of
participants in tax relations based on the analysis of the current system and the
specifics of their taxation at the present stage. In the course of the research, such
scientific methods of the empirical and theoretical group as analysis and synthesis,
abstraction and generalization, systemic and integrated approaches were applied. The
article examines the key problems and features of the mechanisms for calculating and
collecting the main taxes (income tax and value added tax) levied on credit institutions
in the Russian Federation at the present stage. The study and systematization of
theoretical and methodological approaches helped investigate and assess the role of
banks in the formation and development of the tax system and the economy of Russia.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of proposals and
recommendations, scientific and applied, aimed at realizing the fiscal and regulatory
potential of the taxation mechanism of banks as a special group of tax relations. The
positive elements of foreign experience in taxation of banks, from the point of view of
its possible use in the Russian Federation were emphasized. The expediency is
substantiated and a variant of income tax rates differentiation for credit institutions in
terms of types of activities and profit is proposed. The importance of tax support for
bank lending to priority sectors of the economy and increasing taxation of speculative
transactions, currency and financial transactions is argued. The need to eliminate
existing contradictions in tax legislation, improve the system of banks' liability, in
order to minimize offenses and increase tax and general economic security in the
Russian Federations revealed.

Keywords: taxation, current mechanism, banks, profit tax, tax crimes.

1 Introduction

An important factor in ensuring high rates of the economic
growth in the country is the existence of an effective financial
system, in which credit institutions play a key role. At the same
time, banks play the leading role in the structure of the entire
system of credit institutions. The system of taxation of banking
organizations is an integral, specific part of the Russian tax
system, due to the peculiarities of banking activities and their
role in the reproduction processes. In any tax system, banks play
a special role. On the one hand, they are self-payers of taxes. At
the same time, they are also intermediaries between the state and
taxpayers, as they transfer taxes to the state accounts. The
stability of the banking system influences the level of stability of
the entire state.

Speaking about the role of banking organizations in the tax
system of Russia, one cannot but mention the fact that banks are
one of the major investors in the real sector of the country's
economy, which implies an increase in budget revenues due to
an increase in the number of taxpayers and the creation of
additional material benefits. Tax regulation methods are
designed to create macroeconomic conditions that are most
favourable for the functioning of the banking system, which
contributes to its resilience to market fluctuations,
transformation into a vibrant instrument of investment processes
and economic growth.

The scientific works of many foreign and Russian scientists are
devoted to the problems of creation of an effective taxation
system of organizations in general and of financial and credit
organizations in particular, as well as the study of the
peculiarities of the banks ‘taxation methodology. The following
researchers have made significant contributions to the
development of this subject: Maniloff Peter, Manning Dale [1],
Mikes A. [2], Freebairn John [3], Phua Y.S. [4], Vylkova E.S.
[5], Vasiliev D.A. [6], Goncharenko L.I. [7], Igonina L.L.

[8],

Kichigina A.K. [9], Karpova O.M and Mayburov I.A. [10],
Lantsova N.M. [11], Shurina S.V. [12], and others.

However, despite a number of significant studies carried out by
the scientists, in their works insufficient attention is paid to the
analysis of the key problems of the credit institutions ‘taxation
mechanism in the Russian Federation and finding ways to solve
them at the present stage. It should also be noted that there is no
free access to full official information on the amount of taxes
paid by credit institutions in the total amount of budget revenues
of the Russian Federation, which in turn makes it difficult to
analyze the state of the banking sector [13].

Despite the constant transformation, the system of taxation of
organizations in Russia has many shortcomings [14].
Unfortunately, the current system of taxation of credit
institutions does not allow the banking sector to fully realize its
possible fiscal and regulatory potential. The relevance of the
chosen topic is due to the poor implementation of the fiscal and
regulatory potential of the banking taxation mechanism in the
Russian Federation at the present stage, as well as the special
role the credit institutions play as subjects of tax relations in the
economy.

2 Methodology

Over the past years of the market relations formation, the
Russian tax system has largely acquired the characteristics of
European tax systems, since it was created mainly on the basis of
the experience of taxation in foreign countries. Nevertheless, it
should be noted that the tax systems of the post-Soviet countries
had a very low culture of borrowing, which led to a simple
copying of the experience of the developed countries. “Soviet
science lacked deep research on taxation, since in 1930-1990 the
role of taxes in the socialist economy was generally
misunderstood, and administrative methods were used to
redistribute financial resources, for example, regular deductions
from profits” [15], which led to significant shortcomings and
omissions in the creation and implementation of the Russian tax
system. At the same time, the organizational and methodological
aspects of taxation of banking organizations are most
characteristic: instability of legal regulation, frequent changes in
the rules for calculating and paying taxes, an almost negligible
regulatory role.

It should be noted that banking organizations are not identified
in the Russian legislation as specific independent participants in
tax relations. Nevertheless, the Tax Code of the Russian
Federation (in separate articles) establishes the status, rights and
obligations of commercial banks, which in fact determines their
most important role in the Russian tax system [16].

In accordance with the current Russian legislation, banking
organizations pay generally established taxes. The current
mechanism of taxation of banking organizations in the modern
conditions in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian
Federation is represented by such taxes as: value added tax
(VAT); corporate income tax (CIT); corporate property tax; land
tax; personal income tax (when collecting this tax from
employees, banks perform the functions of a tax agent, i.e.
withhold and transfer it to the budget); transport tax; state duty
(if there is an object of taxation). Financial and credit

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