AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
3.5 Partial Process’ Ideality for costs
It is hard to imagine what should be in the equation for costs’
ideality. Costs are clear harms, but we need to have some
positive part of costs to have a dimensionless result. For that, we
must think more outside of the box. Costs are part of financial
resources, and what is positive in a financial way. Now it is clear
that a positive part of finances is profit from the process. Partial
Process’ Ideality for costs (pPI
C
∑
∑
=
Costs
ofits
r
P
pPI
C
) is then
(9)
The result is obviously dimensionless, and the ideal state of the
process from a financial point of view is that the process is
without any production costs and in the same time process
generates profits. Bigger profits and lower costs mean more ideal
process.
3.6 Partial Process’ Ideality for safety
State of safety, ergonomics, and ecology is harder for a clear
determination that previous process’ factors. To evaluate a safety
level of the process one must analyze all steps of the process and
determine all possible safety risks. For each safety problem,
there should be calculated safety risks. Risk is defined as the
Probability of safety problem occurrence multiplied by the
Severity of the danger. The positive side of safety is all activities
without any safety risk. Then the equation for Partial Process’
Ideality for safety (pPI
S
∑
∑
=
risks
safety
risk
safety
without
activities
pPI
S
) is
(10)
The ideal state of the process in a way of safety is when there are
no safety risks and all activities in the process are safe. For
determination of risk, safety danger must be categorized by its
Probability of occurrence and its Severity. For this, the easiest
model is to determine Probability on a scale from improbable to
frequent, where frequent has the highest score. For Severity it is
the same principle there should be categories from very minor
impact to a catastrophic result, where catastrophic is with the
highest score. The Sum of safety risks can be calculated as
∑
∑
=
=
=
n
x
x
x
S
S
P
Risk
risks
safety
1
)
*
(
(11)
Where P
x
is the probability that danger occurs, and S
x
The coefficient or score for Probability and Severity could be
chosen from table Tab. 1, where the Risk number based on
chosen Probability and Severity can be also found.
is the
severity of that danger. The index x represents specific safety
danger in the process, n is a number of process’ steps with any
danger.
Severity
Risk = P*S
none
minor
middle
major
hazardous
catastrophic
score
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
P
rob
ab
il
ity
incredible
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
improbable
0.2
0
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
remote
0.4
0
0.08
0.16
0.24
0.32
0.40
occasional
0.6
0
0.12
0.24
0.36
0.48
0.60
probable
0.8
0
0.16
0.32
0.48
0.64
0.80
frequent
1
0
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1
Tab. 1:
3.6 Partial Process’ Ideality for ergonomics
Example of Risk determination by Probability and Severity
Calculation of the Ideality for ergonomics of the process is based
on the same principle as calculation of Ideality in a way for
safety. The process must be analyzed and for every step, it
should be decided if there is no problem with ergonomics. The
negative part of ergonomics is a sum of all ergonomics risks,
which could be calculated the same way as risks for safety.
Probability and Severity of the ergonomic risk can be also
chosen from Table 1. Partial Process’ Ideality for ergonomics is
then
∑
∑
=
risks
ergonomics
risk
ergonomic
without
activities
pPI
ERG
(12)
The ideal state of the process from an ergonomic point of view is
when all steps in the process are without ergonomic risk.
3.6 Partial Process’ Ideality for ecology
Calculation of the Partial Process’ Ideality for ecology is based
on the same principle as a calculation for safety or ergonomics.
The equation for Partial Process’ Ideality for ecology is
∑
∑
=
risks
y
g
lo
eco
impact
tal
environmen
without
activities
pPI
ECO
(13)
The ideal state of the process in a way of ecology is when the
process works without any environmental impact. In special
cases, there could be also some benefits like positive
environmental impact. Calculation of ecology risk is the same as
for safety and ergonomics risks and values from Table 1 could
be used.
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Final Process’ Ideality equation
After all Partial Process’ Ideality equations were defined, they
can be taken together into one final Process’ Ideality equation.
From equation (4) we can define a new equation for Process’
Ideality. When we put equations (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), and (13)
into the equation (5). We can calculate a final Process’ Ideality
equation. This final equation looks in its general form like this
i
i
m
k
k
n
j
j
i
i
H
B
pPI
PI
∑
∑
∑
∑
=
=
=
=
=
=
6
1
1
1
6
1
(14)
Where PI is a degree of Process’ Ideality, i are six main aspects
of the process (time, quality, costs, safety, ergonomics, and
ecology), n is a number of benefits for aspect i, j is a specific
benefit, m is a number of harms for aspect i, and k is specific
harm.
Process’ Ideality can be used in many ways. For instance, when
we calculate degrees of Process’ Ideality for all processes in a
company we can easily decide which process is best and worst.
That can help to decide on which process we should focus our
improvement efforts. Process’ Ideality could be also used for
comparison of the current and new improved state of the process.
Or, based on Process’ Ideality the best possible solution for
- 369 -