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AD ALTA

JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

Table 2: Utilisation/non-utilisation of technologies and
innovations

Small

enterprises

Medium-sized

enterprises

Large

enterprises

Total

Utilisation of

technologies and

innovations

5.6%

16.6%

77.8%

100 %

Non-utilisation of

technologies and

innovations

72.6%

19.8%

7.6%

100 %

Source: own processing

Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, automotive
enterprises with the largest percentage of 65.8% use supply
chain management. Respondents with share of 19.2% use cross-
docking. The small enterprises use logistics outsourcing with
share of 15%. In terms of the size of automotive enterprises, the
use of selected technologies and innovations is different. Large
enterprises use supply chain management with a share of 60.9%,
cross-docking with a share of 53.2% and logistics outsourcing
with a share of 41.8%. Medium-sized enterprises from the
automotive industry use supply chain management with a share
of 35.9%, cross-docking use with a share of 39.5% and logistics
outsourcing with a share of 48.4%. Small enterprises from the
automotive industry use supply chain management with a share
of 3.2%, they use cross-docking with a share of 7.3% and
logistics outsourcing with a share of 9.8%. The individual
percentages are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Technologies and innovations in logistics according to
the business size

Small

enterprises

Medium-sized

enterprises

Large

enterprises

Total

Supply chain
management

3.2%

35.9%

60.9%

100 %

Cross-docking

7.3%

39.5%

53.2%

100 %

Logistics

outsourcing

9.8%

48.4%

41.8%

100 %

Source: own processing

Enterprises from the Slovak automotive industry that operate in
production use supply chain management with a share of 78.6%.
Enterprises providing services in automotive use supply chain
management with a share of 13.2%. Trade enterprises use supply
chain management with a share of 8.2%. Cross-docking
achieved the largest percentage in trade (49.7%). In production,
cross-docking has a share of 42.9% and in services it has a share
of 7.4%. Logistics outsourcing is mainly used by production
enterprises with a share of 68.8%. Enterprises providing services
in automotive use logistics outsourcing with a share of 16.8%.
Trade enterprises use logistics outsourcing with a share of
14.4%.

Table 4: Technologies and innovations in logistics according to
business activities

Production

Trade

Service

Total

Supply chain
management

78.6%

8.2%

13.2%

100 %

Cross-docking

42.9%

49.7%

7.4%

100 %

Logistics outsourcing

68.8%

14.4%

16.8%

100 %

Source: own processing

Selected technologies and innovations in logistics of enterprises
from the automotive industry were related according to business
logistics fields. We can see from Table 5 that supply chain
management is used in production logistics with a share of
62.3%. The use of logistics outsourcing also obtained a high
percentage (60.8%) in this logistics. Cross-docking is used in
production logistics with a share of 23.3%. The use of supply
chain management dominates in procurement logistics with a
share of 17.8%. Logistics outsourcing is used with a share of
11.2%. Automotive enterprises use cross-docking in
procurement logistics with a share of 4.1%. In distribution
logistics, the use of cross-docking with a share of 72.6%
predominates. Logistics outsourcing is used by automotive
enterprises with a share of 28% in distribution logistics. Supply
chain management is the least used in distribution logistics with
a share of 19.9%.

Table 5: Technologies and innovations in logistics according to
business logistics fields

Production

logistics

Procurement

logistics

Distribution

logistics

Total

Supply chain
management

62.3%

17.8%

19.9%

100 %

Cross-docking

23.3%

4.1%

72.6%

100 %

Logistics

outsourcing

60.8%

11.2%

28%

100 %

Source: own processing

For respondents, we noted that the most common value (5)
recorded suppy chain management. Cross-docking reached a
mode value 0. Logistics outsourcing achieved a value of mode 0.
The highest value of the average (2.57) achieved supply chain
management. Cross-docking achieved the smallest average value
of 1.45. Supply chain management achieved a median value of 4.
Logistics outsourcing obtained a median value of 1. Values are
the most concentrated by supply chain management, the standard
deviation reached value of 2.19. Values are the least
concentrated by cross-docking, the standard deviation of this
technology achieved value of 1.53.

Table 6: Descriptive statistics

Mean

Median Mode

Variance Standard deviation

Supply chain
management

2.57

4.80

2.19

Cross-docking

1.45

2.35

1.53

Logistics outsourcing

1.79

4.08

2.02

Source: own processing

The use of technologies and innovations in logistics also affects
logistics processes. Table 7 shows the percentages for selected
logistics processes. We can see from Table 7 that the use of
technologies and innovations in automotive enterprises affects
transport with the largest percentage (29%). Logistics processes
also achieved high percentage values in inventory management
(27%) and in customer service (23%). Material handling affects
enterprises with a share of 14%. Enterprises operating in
Slovakia in the automotive industry are influenced by packing
with a share of 7%.

Table 7: Logistics processes

Percentage

Customer service

23%

Inventory management

27%

Transport

29%

Material handling

14%

Packing

Source: own processing

Table 8 summarizes the mean, median, mode, variance and
standard deviation. Enterprises most often marked the value 5 in
inventory management. Customer service achieved a mode value
of 4. Material handling obtained a value of mode 3. Value of
median 4 was reached in customer service. The median value

(3)

was reached in inventory management and material handling.
Table 8 shows that values are the most concentrated by customer
service. The standard deviation obtained value 1.96. Values are
the least concentrated by packing, where the standard deviation
obtained 0.95. Customer service achieved the maximum value of
the average 3.06. Packing obtained the minimum value of
average 1.93.

Table 8: Descriptive statistics

Mean

Median Mode

Variance Standard deviation

Customer service

3,06

3,84

1,96

Inventory
management

2,95

3,57

1,89

Transport

2,58

3,39

1,84

Material handling

2.36

2.76

1.66

Packing

1.93

1.10

0.95

Source: own processing

5 Conclusion

In Slovakia, automotive industry has the biggest representation
on a market, representing „an engine“ of the Slovak economy for
several years. Strength of automotive industry is reflected in the
decreasing unemployment rate in Slovakia. The current news

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